EMMA
1995-96 season · AU199596_02U
History
Tropical Cyclone Emma was a weak but unusually long-lived system that spent its entire life over the open waters of the eastern Indian Ocean during December 1995.
Emma began as a tropical low within an active low-latitude monsoon trough on 2 December, forming roughly 700 km to the north-east of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Warm sea surface temperatures and a favourable environment allowed the low to consolidate as it drifted steadily to the south-west, and the Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre in Perth upgraded it to a Category 1 tropical cyclone on 4 December, assigning the name Emma.
The cyclone then tracked south-south-westward, passing to the east of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands while holding marginal cyclone intensity. Peak strength was reached during this phase, with an estimated minimum central pressure near 990 hPa, maximum 10-minute mean winds of about 75 km/h (40 knots) and gusts to roughly 100 km/h — Category 1 on the Australian scale. From around 7 December the steering flow became weak and erratic, and Emma executed a slow loop over open ocean before drifting generally to the south-east, clinging to cyclone status for several more days.
Increasing vertical wind shear and the intrusion of dry mid-level air began stripping the convection away from the centre on 12 December, and Emma was downgraded to a tropical low on 13 December. The broad remnant circulation drifted slowly eastward before dissipating on 16 December, still well to the west of the Pilbara coast.
Because the system remained far offshore for its entire fourteen-day existence, impacts were negligible. The Cocos (Keeling) Islands, several hundred kilometres to the west of the track, experienced only squally showers, fresh to strong winds and elevated swell, without gale-force damage. There were no effects on mainland Australia, and no casualties, injuries or structural damage were attributed to the cyclone.
Emma was one of the earlier systems in an active 1995–96 Australian region season that later delivered a record run of intense Pilbara landfalls.
Sources: Bureau of Meteorology report Wikipedia
View full track data (149 observations)
| Date/Time (UTC) | Category | Position | Pressure | Wind |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1995-12-01 22:00:00 | 1 | -10.0, 105.9 | 1005 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-02 00:00:00 | 1 | -10.0, 105.6 | 1005 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-02 01:00:00 | 1 | -10.0, 105.5 | 1005 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-02 04:00:00 | 1 | -10.1, 105.1 | 1005 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-02 06:00:00 | 1 | -10.2, 104.8 | 1005 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-02 07:00:00 | 1 | -10.2, 104.7 | 1005 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-02 10:00:00 | 1 | -10.4, 104.3 | 1005 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-02 12:00:00 | 1 | -10.5, 104.0 | 1005 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-02 13:00:00 | 1 | -10.6, 103.9 | 1005 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-02 16:00:00 | 1 | -10.8, 103.5 | 1005 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-02 18:00:00 | 1 | -10.9, 103.2 | 1005 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-02 19:00:00 | 1 | -11.0, 103.1 | 1005 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-02 22:00:00 | 1 | -11.2, 102.7 | 1005 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-03 00:00:00 | 1 | -11.3, 102.4 | 1003 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-03 01:00:00 | 1 | -11.4, 102.3 | 1003 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-03 04:00:00 | 1 | -11.6, 101.9 | 1003 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-03 06:00:00 | 1 | -11.7, 101.6 | 1003 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-03 07:00:00 | 1 | -11.8, 101.5 | 1003 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-03 10:00:00 | 1 | -11.9, 101.0 | 1003 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-03 12:00:00 | 1 | -11.9, 100.7 | 1003 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-03 13:00:00 | 1 | -11.9, 100.5 | 1003 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-03 16:00:00 | 1 | -11.8, 100.0 | 1000 hPa | 13 km/h |
| 1995-12-03 18:00:00 | 1 | -11.7, 99.7 | 1000 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-03 19:00:00 | 1 | -11.7, 99.5 | 1000 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-03 22:00:00 | 1 | -11.6, 99.0 | 1000 hPa | 13 km/h |
| 1995-12-04 00:00:00 | 1 | -11.5, 98.7 | 1000 hPa | 13 km/h |
| 1995-12-04 01:00:00 | 1 | -11.5, 98.5 | 1000 hPa | 13 km/h |
| 1995-12-04 04:00:00 | 1 | -11.4, 98.0 | 998 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-04 06:00:00 | 1 | -11.3, 97.7 | 998 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-04 07:00:00 | 1 | -11.3, 97.6 | 998 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-04 10:00:00 | 1 | -11.1, 97.2 | 998 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-04 12:00:00 | 1 | -11.0, 96.9 | 996 hPa | 18 km/h |
| 1995-12-04 13:00:00 | 1 | -10.9, 96.8 | 995 hPa | 18 km/h |
| 1995-12-04 16:00:00 | 1 | -10.6, 96.5 | 995 hPa | 18 km/h |
| 1995-12-04 18:00:00 | 1 | -10.4, 96.3 | 991 hPa | 21 km/h |
| 1995-12-04 19:00:00 | 1 | -10.3, 96.2 | 990 hPa | 21 km/h |
| 1995-12-04 22:00:00 | 1 | -10.0, 95.9 | 990 hPa | 21 km/h |
| 1995-12-05 00:00:00 | 1 | -9.9, 95.7 | 993 hPa | 18 km/h |
| 1995-12-05 01:00:00 | 1 | -9.8, 95.6 | 995 hPa | 18 km/h |
| 1995-12-05 04:00:00 | 1 | -9.6, 95.3 | 995 hPa | 18 km/h |
| 1995-12-05 06:00:00 | 1 | -9.5, 95.1 | 995 hPa | 18 km/h |
| 1995-12-05 07:00:00 | 1 | -9.4, 95.0 | 995 hPa | 18 km/h |
| 1995-12-05 10:00:00 | 1 | -9.3, 94.7 | 995 hPa | 18 km/h |
| 1995-12-05 12:00:00 | 1 | -9.4, 94.6 | 995 hPa | 18 km/h |
| 1995-12-05 13:00:00 | 1 | -9.4, 94.5 | 995 hPa | 18 km/h |
| 1995-12-05 16:00:00 | 1 | -9.5, 94.3 | 995 hPa | 18 km/h |
| 1995-12-05 18:00:00 | 1 | -9.6, 94.2 | 996 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-05 19:00:00 | 1 | -9.6, 94.1 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-05 22:00:00 | 1 | -9.7, 94.0 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-06 00:00:00 | 1 | -9.8, 93.9 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-06 01:00:00 | 1 | -9.8, 93.9 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-06 04:00:00 | 1 | -9.9, 93.7 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-06 06:00:00 | 1 | -10.1, 93.6 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-06 07:00:00 | 1 | -10.2, 93.5 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-06 10:00:00 | 1 | -10.5, 93.3 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-06 12:00:00 | 1 | -10.6, 93.2 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-06 13:00:00 | 1 | -10.6, 93.1 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-06 16:00:00 | 1 | -10.7, 92.9 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-06 18:00:00 | 1 | -10.7, 92.8 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-06 19:00:00 | 1 | -10.7, 92.7 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-06 22:00:00 | 1 | -10.7, 92.5 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-07 00:00:00 | 1 | -10.7, 92.3 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-07 01:00:00 | 1 | -10.7, 92.2 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-07 04:00:00 | 1 | -10.7, 91.9 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-07 06:00:00 | 1 | -10.8, 91.7 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-07 07:00:00 | 1 | -10.8, 91.6 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-07 10:00:00 | 1 | -10.9, 91.3 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-07 12:00:00 | 1 | -10.8, 91.2 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-07 13:00:00 | 1 | -10.8, 91.1 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-07 16:00:00 | 1 | -10.7, 91.1 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-07 18:00:00 | 1 | -10.6, 91.2 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-07 19:00:00 | 1 | -10.6, 91.2 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-07 22:00:00 | 1 | -10.5, 91.3 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-08 00:00:00 | 1 | -10.4, 91.4 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-08 01:00:00 | 1 | -10.3, 91.4 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-08 04:00:00 | 1 | -10.0, 91.5 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-08 06:00:00 | 1 | -9.8, 91.6 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-08 07:00:00 | 1 | -9.7, 91.7 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-08 10:00:00 | 1 | -9.5, 91.9 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-08 12:00:00 | 1 | -9.4, 92.1 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-08 13:00:00 | 1 | -9.4, 92.2 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-08 16:00:00 | 1 | -9.3, 92.5 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-08 18:00:00 | 1 | -9.2, 92.7 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-08 19:00:00 | 1 | -9.2, 92.8 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-08 22:00:00 | 1 | -9.1, 93.1 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-09 00:00:00 | 1 | -9.1, 93.3 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-09 01:00:00 | 1 | -9.1, 93.4 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-09 04:00:00 | 1 | -9.2, 93.7 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-09 06:00:00 | 1 | -9.1, 93.9 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-09 07:00:00 | 1 | -9.1, 94.0 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-09 10:00:00 | 1 | -9.1, 94.3 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-09 12:00:00 | 1 | -9.1, 94.5 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-09 13:00:00 | 1 | -9.1, 94.6 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-09 16:00:00 | 1 | -9.1, 94.9 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-09 18:00:00 | 1 | -9.1, 95.2 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-09 19:00:00 | 1 | -9.1, 95.3 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-09 22:00:00 | 1 | -9.1, 95.7 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-10 00:00:00 | 1 | -9.2, 96.0 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-10 01:00:00 | 1 | -9.2, 96.2 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-10 04:00:00 | 1 | -9.3, 96.7 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-10 06:00:00 | 1 | -9.4, 97.0 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-10 07:00:00 | 1 | -9.4, 97.2 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-10 10:00:00 | 1 | -9.5, 97.7 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-10 12:00:00 | 1 | -9.6, 98.2 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-10 13:00:00 | 1 | -9.7, 98.4 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-10 16:00:00 | 1 | -9.9, 99.2 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-10 18:00:00 | 1 | -10.0, 99.7 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-10 19:00:00 | 1 | -10.0, 100.0 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-10 22:00:00 | 1 | -10.1, 100.7 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-11 00:00:00 | 1 | -10.2, 101.1 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-11 01:00:00 | 1 | -10.2, 101.3 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-11 04:00:00 | 1 | -10.2, 101.8 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-11 06:00:00 | 1 | -10.3, 102.1 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-11 07:00:00 | 1 | -10.3, 102.3 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-11 10:00:00 | 1 | -10.4, 102.9 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-11 12:00:00 | 1 | -10.5, 103.3 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-11 13:00:00 | 1 | -10.6, 103.5 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-11 16:00:00 | 1 | -10.8, 104.1 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-11 18:00:00 | 1 | -10.9, 104.5 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-11 19:00:00 | 1 | -10.9, 104.7 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-11 22:00:00 | 1 | -11.0, 105.3 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-12 00:00:00 | 1 | -11.0, 105.7 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-12 01:00:00 | 1 | -11.0, 105.9 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-12 04:00:00 | 1 | -11.0, 106.5 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-12 06:00:00 | 1 | -11.0, 106.8 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-12 07:00:00 | 1 | -11.0, 107.0 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-12 12:00:00 | 1 | -11.1, 107.7 | 997 hPa | 15 km/h |
| 1995-12-12 18:00:00 | 1 | -11.3, 108.5 | 998 hPa | 13 km/h |
| 1995-12-13 00:00:00 | 1 | -11.5, 109.4 | 999 hPa | 13 km/h |
| 1995-12-13 01:00:00 | 1 | -11.5, 109.5 | 1000 hPa | 13 km/h |
| 1995-12-13 06:00:00 | 1 | -11.7, 109.9 | 1000 hPa | 13 km/h |
| 1995-12-13 12:00:00 | 1 | -11.9, 110.3 | 1001 hPa | 13 km/h |
| 1995-12-13 18:00:00 | 1 | -12.1, 110.7 | 1002 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-14 00:00:00 | 1 | -12.3, 111.1 | 1002 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-14 01:00:00 | 1 | -12.3, 111.2 | 1003 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-14 06:00:00 | 1 | -12.5, 111.6 | 1003 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-14 12:00:00 | 1 | -12.6, 112.0 | 1003 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-14 18:00:00 | 1 | -12.8, 112.5 | 1004 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-15 00:00:00 | 1 | -13.0, 112.9 | 1004 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-15 01:00:00 | 1 | -13.0, 113.0 | 1005 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-15 06:00:00 | 1 | -13.0, 113.4 | 1005 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-15 12:00:00 | 1 | -13.0, 113.9 | 1005 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-15 13:00:00 | 1 | -13.0, 114.0 | 1005 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-15 18:00:00 | 1 | -13.0, 114.4 | 1005 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-16 00:00:00 | 1 | -13.0, 114.9 | 1005 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-16 01:00:00 | 1 | -13.0, 115.0 | 1005 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-16 06:00:00 | 1 | -13.0, 115.0 | 1005 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-16 12:00:00 | 1 | -13.0, 115.0 | 1005 hPa | 10 km/h |
| 1995-12-16 16:00:00 | 1 | -13.0, 115.0 | 1005 hPa | 10 km/h |